Influencia del ciclo menstrual en el rendimiento deportivo y la incidencia lesional en futbolistas de elite
Palabras clave:
Ciclo menstrual, fútbol femenino, rendimiento deportivo, lesiones deportivas, salud hormonal, entrenamiento individualizadoResumen
Se realizó una revisión sistemática para analizar la influencia del ciclo menstrual en el rendimiento deportivo y la incidencia lesional en futbolistas de élite. La búsqueda y selección de estudios siguió la guía PRISMA 2020, y la calidad metodológica se evaluó mediante la herramienta STROBE. En total, se incluyeron quince estudios con distintos diseños observacionales y experimentales. Los resultados mostraron una alta heterogeneidad en la respuesta fisiológica al ciclo menstrual, aunque se observaron tendencias comunes, como un aumento en la incidencia de lesiones durante la fase lútea y la folicular tardía. Las lesiones musculares y tendinosas fueron más frecuentes en estas fases, coincidiendo con fluctuaciones hormonales relevantes. Además, varios estudios señalaron que la sintomatología percibida (dolor, fatiga o alteraciones del sueño) influye más en el rendimiento que la fase del ciclo en sí, lo que subraya la necesidad de una monitorización individualizada. Integrar el ciclo menstrual en la planificación del entrenamiento y establecer un seguimiento que contemple variables hormonales, físicas y emocionales puede contribuir significativamente a la prevención de lesiones y a la optimización del rendimiento en el fútbol femenino de élite.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Leire Ronkal Uzqueda, Iyán Iván Baragaño
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
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