Knowledge about doping and prohibited substances in a population of cuban student
Keywords:
anti-doping, drugs, anti-doping educational programAbstract
The objective of this research is to determine the level of knowledge that Cuban students not integrated into the sports education system have on the issues of doping and drugs in sport, as well as the learning needs about doping and the use of prohibited substances. The study population was characterized according to age, sex and level of education, determining types of physical or sports activity, training in private gyms and consumption of products to improve physical appearance. For this, a descriptive crosssectional study was carried out in which students who practiced sports occasionally or according to the programs of their schools participated. The study involved 883 students belonging to 4 high school, high school and university centers in the province of Sancti Spíritus, Cuba. A survey was applied to explore the students' levels of knowledge about the use of doping substances and nutritional supplements. 86.4% of the students practiced sports and 21.3% attended private gyms. 9.2% consumed supplements or ergogenic aids and 89.1% did not know what doping is and its dangers. 14.7% of the students were unaware of the characteristics of the drugs and could not identify their effects. It is necessary to prevent and educate the students of the Cuban non-sports education system about the danger of consuming prohibited substances.
Downloads
References
Acevedo, P., Jorge, J.C., Cruz-Sánchez, A., Amy, E., Barreto, J.L. (2014). Ten year assessment of anabolic steroids misuse among competitive athletes in Puerto Rico. West Indian Med J, 60(5), 218-24.
Aith, F.M. (2013). Ant-doping control and public health: limits to the exposure of human health to risk in the name of sporting glory.Rev Saude Publica, 47(5),1015-18.
Banfi, G., Lombardi, G., Colombini, A., Lippi,G. (2011). Analytical variability in sport hematology: its importance in an antidoping setting. Clin Chem Lab Med, 49(5),779-82.
Botrè, F., de la Torre, X., Donati, F., Mazzarino, M. (2014). Narrowing the gap between the number of athletes who dope and the number of athletes who are caught:scientific advances that increase the efficacy of antidoping tests. Br J sport Med, 48(10), 833-6.
Bowers, L.D. (2010). Science and the rules governing anti-doping violations. Handb Exp Pharmacol, 195, 513-31.
Catlin, D.H., Murray, T.H. (1996). Perfomance-enhancing drugs, fair competition, and Olympic sport, JAMA, 276(3), 231-7.
Crawley, F.P., Hoyer, P., Mazur, A., Siderius, L., Grosek S et al.(2017). Health, integrity, and doping in sports for children and young adults. A resolution of the European Academy of Paediatrics. Eur J Pediatr, 176(6),825-828.
Dvorak, J., Saugy, M., Pitsiladis, Y.P. (2014). Challenges and threads to implementing the fight against doping in sport. Br J Sport Med, 48(10), 1-2.
Honour, J.W. (2016). Doping in sport: consequences for health, clinicians and laboratorios. 53(Pt 2), 189-90.
Huang, G., Basaria, S. (2018). Do anabolic-androgenic steroids have perfomance-enhancing effects in female athletes? Mol Cell Endocrinol, 15464, 56-64.
Kim, T., Kim, Y.H. (2017). Korean national athletes’ knowledge, practices, and attitudes of doping: a cross-sectionalstudy. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 12, Article ID 7. Recuperado el 15 de octubre de 2019 de http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13011-017-0092-7.
Laure, P. (1997). Epidemiologic approach of doping in sport. J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 37(3), 218-24.
Loland, S. (2017). Education in Anti-Doping: The Art of Self-Imposed Constraints. Med Sport Sci, 62, 153-159.
Mazanov, J., Backhouse, S., Connor, J., Hemphill, D., Quirk, F. (2014) Athlete support personnel and anti-doping: Knowledge, attitudes, and ethical stance. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 24(5), 846-56.
Morente-Sánchez, J., Zabala, M. (2013). Doping in sport: a review of elite athletes' attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge. Sports Med, 43(6), 395-411.
Mudrak, J., Slepicka, P., Slepickova, I. (2018). Sport motivation and doping in adolescent athletes. PLOS ONE. Recuperado el 10 de noviembre de 2020 de | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205222.
Münzer, T. (2018). Doping with ilegal and legal substances in old age. Z Gerontol Geriatr, 51(2), 149-151.
Murofushi, Y., Kawata, Y., Kamimura, A. et al. (2018). Impact of antidoping education and doping control experience on anti-doping knowledge in Japanese university athletes: a cross-sectional study. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy, 13, 44, Revisado el 16 de mayo de 2019, Recuperado de. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13011-018-0178-x
Nicholls, A.R., Cope, E., Bailey, R., Koenen, K., Dumon, D., Theodorou, N.C. et al. (2017). Childrens first experience of taking Anabolic-Androgenic Steroidscan occur before their 10th Birthday: A systematic review identfying 9 factors that predicted doping among Young people. Front. Psychol., Revisado el 10 de octubre de 2020 Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01015.
Ntoumanis, N., Ng, J.Y, Barkoukis, V. Backhouse, S. (2014). Personal and psychosocial predictors of doping use in physical activity settings: a metaanalysis. Sports Med, 44(11), 1603-24.
Patterson, L.B., Duffy, P.J., Backhouse, S.H. (2014). Are coaches anti-doping? Exploring issues of engagement with education and research. Subst Use Misuse, 49(9), 1182-5.
Petroczi, A., Norman, P, Brueckner, S. (2017). Can we better integrate the rol of anti-doping in sport and society? A psychological approach to contemporary value-based prevention. Med Sport Sci, 62, 160-176.
Reardon, C.L., Creado S. (2014). Drug abuse in athletes. Subst Abuse Rehabil, 14(5), 95-105.
Sagoe, D., Holden, G., Rise, E.N.K., Torgesen, T., Paulsen, G., Krosshaug, T. et al. (2016). Doping prevention through anti-doping education and practical stregth training: The Hercules program. Perfomance enhancement and Heath, 5(1), 24-30.
Sgrò, P., Sansone, M., Romanelli, F., Di Luigi, L. (2018). Effects of erythropoetin abuse on exercise perfomance. Phys Sports med, 46(1), 105-115.
Shibata, K., Ichikawa, K., Kurata, N. (2017). Knowledge of pharmacy students about doping, and the need for doping education:a questionary survey. BMC Research Notes, 10(1), 396-405.
Thevis, M., Schänzer, W. (206). Emerging drugs affeting skeletal muscle function and mitocondrial biogénesis-Potential implications for sports drug testing programs. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom, 30(5), 635-51.
Vernec, A.R. (2014). The Athlete Biological Passport: an integral element of innovative strategies in antidoping. Br J Sports Med, 48(10), 817-9.
Vlad, R.A., Hancu, G., Popescu, G.C., Lungu, I.A. (2018). Doping in Sports, Never-Ending Story? Adv Pharm Bull, 8(4), 529-534.
10-World antidoping Code and related Resources. Recuperado de https://www.wada-ama.org/en/resources/the-code/world-anti-doping-code
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
This journal provides immediate open access to its content, based on the principle that providing the public with free access to research supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.
In addition, open arbitration papers are accepted, preferably from Research Gate.
