Actividad física como estrategia preventiva del cáncer colorrectal en contextos urbanos
Palabras clave:
Actividad Física, Cáncer colorrectal, Contextos urbanos.Resumen
El cáncer colorrectal es uno de los problemas más importantes para la salud pública mundial, en particular en las áreas urbanas con altos índices de sedentarismo. Se ha reconocido que el ejercicio físico es un factor modificable de protección contra esta enfermedad. En tal sentido, se plantea como objetivo examinar la actividad física como un método preventivo del cáncer colorrectal en ambientes urbanos. Se llevó a cabo una investigación observacional en la población adulta de la ciudad de Pichincha (n=240), utilizando el IPAQ para medir la actividad física. Se examinaron los factores de riesgo para el cáncer colorrectal mediante indicadores conductuales, antropométricos y antecedentes familiares. Según el IPAQ, los hallazgos revelaron que el 56,3 % de los participantes tuvo índices bajos de actividad física. Se encontraron correlaciones inversas importantes entre el índice de masa corporal y la actividad física (ρ= -0,41; p< 0,01), la circunferencia de la cintura (ρ= -0,38; p< 0,01) y el tiempo sedentario diario (ρ= -0,45; p< 0,001). La probabilidad de que las personas con un nivel alto de actividad física mostrasen factores de riesgo elevados para cáncer colorrectal fue más baja (OR= 0,46; IC95 %: 0,28-0,74; p< 0,01). La actividad física regular está inversamente relacionada y de manera significativa con diversos factores de riesgo del cáncer colorrectal en adultos residentes en zonas urbanas, lo cual apoya su función como estrategia preventiva esencial dentro de las políticas públicas sanitarias.
Descargas
Citas
Amirsasan, R., Akbarzadeh, M., & Akbarzadeh, S. (2022). Exercise and colorectal cancer: prevention and molecular mechanisms. Cancer Cell International, 22(1), 247. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-022-02670-3
Calero, S., Villavicencio-Alvarez, V. E., Flores-Abad, E., & Monroy-Antón, A. J. (2024). Pedagogical control scales of vertical jumping performance in untrained adolescents (13–16 years): research by strata. PeerJ, 12, e17298. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17298
Christie, C. D., Consoli, A., Ronksley, P. E., Vena, J. E., Friedenreich, C. M., & McCormack, G. (2021). Associations between the built environment and physical activity among adults with low socio-economic status in Canada: a systematic review. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 112(1), 152-165. https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-020-00364-9
Courneya, K. S., & Friedenreich, C. M. (2023). Designing, analyzing, and interpreting observational studies of physical activity and cancer outcomes from a clinical oncology perspective. Frontiers in Oncology, 13, 1098278. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2023.1098278
Espinosa-Albuja, C. E., Haro-Simbaña, J. T., & Morales, S. (2023). Biomechanical difference of arched back stretch between genders in high school students. Arrancada, 23(44), 66-79. Retrieved Mayo 14, 2023, from https://revistarrancada.cujae.edu.cu/index.php/arrancada/article/view/541/370
Fazeli Dehkordi, Z. S., Khatami, S. M., & Ranjbar, E. (2022). The associations between urban form and major non-communicable diseases: a systematic review. Journal of Urban Health, 99(5), 941-958. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-022-00652-4
Garber, C. E., Blissmer, B., Deschenes, M. R., Franklin, B. A., Lamonte, M. J., Lee, I. M., & Swain, D. P. (2011). Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 43, 1334-1359. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8CR5T2R
Hernández, M. M., Lorenzo, M. D., & Morales, S. (2024). Ana Fidelia Quiros Moret, an example for the formation of values from her sporting career. Revista Conrado, 20(97), 189-195. https://conrado.ucf.edu.cu/index.php/conrado/article/view/3647
Mainer-Pardos, E., Albalad-Aiguabella, R., Álvarez, V. E., Calero-Morales, S., Lozano, D., & Roso-Moliner, A. (2025). Investigating Countermovement and Horizontal Jump Asymmetry in Female Football Players: Differences Across Age Categories. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 10(3), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202503.1528.v1
Mainer-Pardos, E., Álvarez, V. E., Moreno-Apellaniz, N., Gutiérrez-Logroño, A., & Calero-Morales, S. (2024). Effects of a neuromuscular training program on the performance and inter-limb asymmetries in highly trained junior male tennis players. Heliyon, 10(5), e27081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27081
Molina-Martín, J. J., Serrano, C. L., Morales, S., López, D. M., González, C. H., & Ureña, G. D. (2023). Volleyball ball design performance effects on service reception in high-level women. Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación, 50, 711-716. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v50.99540
Mon-D, Zakynthinaki, M. S., & Calero, S. (2019b). Connection between performance and body sway/morphology in juvenile Olympic shooters. Journal of Human Sport & Exercise, 14(1), 75-85. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2019.141.06
Mon-López, D., Moreira da Silva, F., Calero-Morales, S., López-Torres, O., & Lorenzo Calvo, J. (2019). What Do Olympic Shooters Think about Physical Training Factors and Their Performance?. International journal of environmental research and public health., 16(23), 4629. https://doi.org/0.3390/ijerph16234629
Mon-López., D., Tejero-González, C. M., & Morales, S. (2019c). Recent changes in women’s Olympic shooting and effects in performance. PloS one., 14(5), e0216390-e0216390. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216390
Moore, S. C., Lee, I. M., Weiderpass, E., Campbell, P. T., Sampson, J. N., Kitahara, C. M., & Patel, A. V. (2016). Association of leisure-time physical activity with risk of 26 types of cancer in 1.44 million adults. JAMA internal medicine, 176(6), 816-825. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.1548
Morales, S. C., Iglesias, S., Viscarra, D. C., & Neira, D. J. (2024). Anthropometric scales for the pedagogical control of talents in Cuban school volleyball (13-15 years, women’s). Arrancada, 24(49), 385-394. Retrieved Marzo 29, 2025, from https://revistarrancada.cujae.edu.cu/index.php/arrancada/article/view/711
Morales., S. C., Vinueza, G. C., Yance, C. L., & Paguay, W. J. (2023). Gross motor development in preschoolers through conductivist and contructivist physical-recreational activities: Comparative research. Sports, 11(3), 61. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports11030061
Moreno-Apellaniz, N., Villanueva-Guerrero, O., Villavicencio-Álvarez, V. E., Calero-Morales, S., & Mainer-Pardos, E. (2024). Impact of Lower-Limb Asymmetries on Physical Performance Among Adolescent Female Tennis Players. Life, 14(12), 1561. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121561
Morgan, E., Arnold, M., Gini, A., Lorenzoni, V., Cabasag, C. J., Laversanne, M., & Bray, F. (2023). Global burden of colorectal cancer in 2020 and 2040: incidence and mortality estimates from GLOBOCAN. Gut, 72(2), 338-344. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327736
Nsabimana, P., Sombié, O. O., Pauwels, N. S., Boynito, W. G., Tariku, E. Z., Vasanthakaalam, H., & Abbeddou, S. (2024). Association between urbanization and metabolic syndrome in low-and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 34(2), 235-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2023.07.040
Oneda, E., Noventa, S., Libertini, M., Cherri, S., Manno, A., Meriggi, F., & Zaniboni, A. (2025). Training gut and body: physical activity, diet, ASA and microbiota influence the outcome in gastrointestinal cancer survivors. Frontiers in Nutrition, 12, 1648004. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1648004
Potosí-Moya, V., Paredes-Gómez, R., & Calero-Morales, S. (2025). Effects of Nordic Exercises on Hamstring Strength and Vertical Jump Performance in Lower Limbs Across Different Sports. Applied Sciences, 15(10), 5651. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15105651
Pronk, N., Arena, R., Zimmerman, F. J., & Woodard, C. (2025). Driving physical activity policy for improved population health demands political action. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2025-110686
Ranasinghe, P. D., Pokhrel, S., & Anokye, N. (2021). The economics of physical activity in low-income and middle-income countries: protocol for a systematic review. BMJ open, 9(1), e022686. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022686
Roso-Moliner, A., Gonzalo-Skok, O., Villavicencio-Álvarez, V. E., Calero-Morales, S., & Mainer-Pardos, E. (2024). Analyzing the Influence of Speed and Jumping Performance Metrics on Percentage Change of Direction Deficit in Adolescent Female Soccer Players. Life, 14(4), 466. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14040466
Sagarra-Romero, L., Monroy Antón, A., Calero Morales, S., & Ruidiaz Peña, M. (2017). ithlete Heart Rate Variability app: knowing when to train. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51, 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-097303
Sagarra-Romero, L., Ruidiaz, M., Calero Morales, S., Anton-Solanas, I., & Monroy Anton, A. (2018). Influence of an exercise program on blood immune function in women with breast cancer. Medicina Dello Sport, 71(4), 604-616. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0025-7826.18.03244-1
Salgado , M., Madureira, J., Mendes, A. S., Torres, A., Teixeira, J. P., & Oliveira, M. D. (2020). Environmental determinants of population health in urban settings. A systematic review. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 853. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08905-0
Sharma, R., Abbasi-Kangevari, M., Abd-Rabu, R., Abidi, H., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Acuna, J. M., & Hosseini, M. S. (2022). Global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer and its risk factors, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The lancet Gastroenterology & hepatology, 7(7), 627-647. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-1253(22)00044-9
Stein, M. J., Baurecht, H., Bohmann, P., Fervers, B., Fontvieille, E., Freisling, H., & Weber, A. (2024). Diurnal timing of physical activity and risk of colorectal cancer in the UK Biobank. BMC medicine, 22(1), 399. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03632-4
Sun, Y., Keat, O. B., & Rajabi, S. (2025). The role of physical activity and epigenetic changes in colorectal cancer prevention. Cancer Cell International, 25(1), 227. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-025-03872-1
Sung, H., Ferlay, J., Siegel, R. L., Laversanne, M., Soerjomataram, I., Jemal, A., & Bray, F. (2021). Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: a Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 71(3), 209-249. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21660
Vanegas Moreno, D. P., Ramírez López, L. X., Limas Solano, L. M., Pedraza Bernal, A. M., & Monroy Díaz, Á. L. (2020). Revisión: Factores asociados a cáncer colorrectal. Revista médica de Risaralda, 26(1), 68-77. https://doi.org/10.22517/25395203.23111
Villanueva-Guerrero, O., Gadea-Uribarri, H., Villavicencio Álvarez, V. E., Calero-Morales, S., & Mainer-Pardos, E. (2024). Relationship between Interlimb Asymmetries and Performance Variables in Adolescent Tennis Players. Life, 14(8), 959. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14080959
WHO. (2019). Global action plan on physical activity 2018-2030: more active people for a healthier world. Lausane: World Health Organization.
Wolin, K. Y., Yan, Y., & Colditz, G. A. (2011). Physical activity and risk of colon adenoma: a meta-analysis. British journal of cancer, 104(5), 882-885. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6606045
Yu, H., & Berkel, H. (1999). Insulin-like growth factors and cancer. The Journal of the Louisiana State Medical Society: official organ of the Louisiana State Medical Society, 151(4), 218-223. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0598-6
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2026 Danilo Ortiz Fernández, Rodney Orlando Santillan Murillo, Jaime Patricio Chávez Hernández, Odette Martinez Batista
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Esta revista proporciona un acceso abierto inmediato a su contenido, basado en el principio de que ofrecer al público un acceso libre a las investigaciones ayuda a un mayor intercambio global de conocimiento.
Se aceptan además, trabajos de arbitraje abierto (pre-print), preferentemente desde Research Gate.
