influência do ciclo menstrual no desempenho esportivo e na incidência de lesões em futebolistas de elite
Palavras-chave:
Ciclo menstrual; futebol feminino; desempenho esportivo; lesões esportivas; saúde hormonal; treinamento individualizadoResumo
Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática para analisar a influência do ciclo menstrual no desempenho esportivo e na incidência de lesões em futebolistas de elite. A busca e seleção dos estudos seguiram as diretrizes PRISMA 2020, e a qualidade metodológica foi avaliada por meio da ferramenta STROBE. Ao todo, foram incluídos quinze estudos com diferentes delineamentos observacionais e experimentais. Os resultados evidenciaram elevada heterogeneidade na resposta fisiológica ao ciclo menstrual, embora tenham sido observadas tendências comuns, como o aumento da incidência de lesões durante a fase lútea e a fase folicular tardia. As lesões musculares e tendíneas foram mais frequentes nessas fases, coincidindo com flutuações hormonais relevantes. Além disso, diversos estudos indicaram que a sintomatologia percebida (dor, fadiga ou alterações do sono) exerce maior influência sobre o desempenho do que a fase do ciclo propriamente dita, ressaltando a necessidade de monitoramento individualizado. Integrar o ciclo menstrual ao planejamento do treinamento e estabelecer um acompanhamento que considere variáveis hormonais, físicas e emocionais pode contribuir de forma significativa para a prevenção de lesões e para a otimização do desempenho no futebol feminino de elite).
Downloads
Referências
Abbott, W., Exall, Z., Walsh, L., & Clifford, T. (2024). Menstrual Cycle and Situational Match Variables: Effects on Well-Being in Professional Female Soccer Players. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 95(3), 688–696. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2023.2298443
Agel, J., Bershadsky, B., & Arendt, E. A. (2006). Hormonal therapy: ACL and ankle injury. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 38(1), 7-12. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000194072.13021.78
Aguilar, A. S., Miranda, M.ª. A., & Quintana, A. (2017). La mujer, el ciclo menstrual y la actividad física. Revista Archivo Médico de Camagüey, 21(2), 294–307. https://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1025-02552017000200015
Anderson, R., Rollo, I., Randell, R. K., Martin, D., Twist, C., Grazette, N., & Moss, S. (2023). A formative investigation assessing menstrual health literacy in professional women’s football. Science and Medicine in Football. https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2023.2290074
Barlow, A., Blodgett, J. M., Williams, S., Pedlar, C. R., & Bruinvels, G. (2024). Injury incidence, severity, and type across the menstrual cycle in female footballers: A prospective three-season cohort study. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 56(6), 1151–1158. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003391
Bradley, P. S., Archer, D. T., Hogg, B., Schuth, G., Bush, M., Carling, C., & Barnes, C. (2016). Tier-specific evolution of match performance characteristics in the English Premier League: It’s getting tougher at the top. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(10), 980–987. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2015.1082614
Carmichael, M. A., Thomson, R. L., Moran, L. J., Dunstan, J. R., Nelson, M. J., Mathai, M. L., & Wycherley, T. P. (2021). A pilot study on the impact of the menstrual cycle phase on elite Australian football athletes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(18), 9591. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189591
Clausen, E., Flood, T. R., Okholm Kryger, K., Lewin, G., McCall, A., Stebbings, G. K., & Elliott-Sale, K. J. (2025). Auditing the representation of elite female players in football performance and injury research. Science and Medicine in Football. https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2025.2577442
Clausen, M. B., Krohn, L. M., Rathleff, M. S., Bandholm, T., Jensen, S. N., Christensen, K. B., Hölmich, P., & Thorborg, K. (2025). The effect of adding a large dose of shoulder strengthening to nonoperative care for subacromial impingement on shoulder disability, quality of life, sick days, and surgery rates: 1-year results from a pragmatic, double-blind randomized controlled trial (SExSI). Orthopaedic Journal of Sport Medicine, 13(10), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/23259671251374314
Del Coso, J., Herrero, H., & Salinero, J. J. (2018). Injuries in Spanish female soccer players. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 7(2), 183–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2016.09.002
Dragoo, J. L., Castillo, T. N., Braun, H. J., Ridley, B. A., Kennedy, A. C., & Golish, S. R. (2011). Prospective correlation between serum relaxin concentration and anterior cruciate ligament tears among elite collegiate female athletes. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(10), 2175–2180. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546511413376
Dupont, G., Nedelec, M., McCall, A., McCormack, D., Berthoin, S., & Wisløff, U. (2010). Effect of 2 soccer matches in a week on physical performance and injury rate. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 38(9), 1752–1758. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546510361236
Espinoza-Padilla, M. A., Nasimba-Cevallos, N. M.., & Quintanilla-Ayala, L. X. (2023). Entrenamiento funcional para mejorar la capacidad de fuerza en futbolistas prejuveniles y juveniles. Arrancada, 99–114. https://revistarrancada.cujae.edu.cu/index.php/arrancada/article/view/543
FIFA. (2023). Women ‘s Football Strategy Progress Report. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. https://inside.fifa.com/womens-football/strategy
Halson, S. L., Johnston, R. D., Pearson, M., & Minahan, C. (2024). Menstrual-cycle symptoms and sleep characteristics in elite soccer players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 19(9), 914–920. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2023-0021
Jiménez, M. R., & Aguilá, N. C. (2017). El ciclo menstrual y sus alteraciones. Pediatría Integral, 21(7), 304. https://www.pediatriaintegral.es/publicacion-2017-07/el-ciclo-menstrual-y-sus-alteraciones/
Julian, R., Skorski, S., Hecksteden, A., Pfeifer, C., Bradley, P. S., Schulze, E., & Meyer, T. (2021). Menstrual cycle phase and elite female soccer match-play: Influence on various physical performance outputs. Science and Medicine in Football, 5(2), 97–104. https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2020.1802057
Lanhers, C., Courteix, D., Valente-Dos-Santos, J., Ferry, B., Gracia-Marco, L., Pereira, B., Borda, I. M., Lespessailles, E., & Duclos, M. (2020). Gonadal hormones may predict structural bone fragility in elite female soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 38(7), 827–837. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2019.1656322
Martin, D., Sale, C., Cooper, S. B., & Varley, M. C. (2021). Period prevalence and perceived side effects of hormonal contraceptive use and the menstrual cycle in elite athletes. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 16(3), 335–342. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0897
Martin, D., Timmins, K., Cowie, C., Alty, J., Mehta, R., Tang, A., & Varley, I. (2021). Injury incidence across the menstrual cycle in international footballers. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 3, 616999. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2021.616999
McNulty, K. L., Elliott-Sale, K. J., Dolan, E., Swinton, P. A., Ansdell, P., Goodall, S., Thomas, K., & Hicks, K. M. (2020). The effects of the menstrual cycle phase on exercise performance in eumenorrheic women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 50(10), 1813–1827. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01319-3
Möller-Nielsen, J., & Hammar, M. (1989). Women’s soccer injuries in relation to the menstrual cycle and oral contraceptive use. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 21(2), 126–129.
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., ... Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Parker, L. J. F., Elliott-Sale, K. J., Hannon, M., Morton, J. P., & Close, G. L. (2022). Where do you go when your periods go?: A case-study examining secondary amenorrhea in a professional internationally-capped female soccer player through the lens of the sport nutritionist. Science & Medicine in Football, 6(5), 643–649. https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2022.2088979
Quigley, T., & Greig, M. (2025). The influence of menstrual cycle phase on isokinetic knee flexor and extensor strength in female soccer players: A pilot study. Research in Sports Medicine, 33(1), 87–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2023.2230972
Read, P., Mehta, R., Rosenbloom, C., Jobson, E., & Okholm Kryger, K. (2021). Elite female football players’ perception of the impact of their menstrual cycle stages on their football performance: A semi-structured interview-based study. Science and Medicine in Football, 6(4), 362–371. https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2021.1914301
Robles-Palazón, F. J., López-Valenciano, A., De Ste Croix, M., Oliver, J. L., García-Gómez, A., Sainz de Baranda, P., & Ayala, F. (2022). Epidemiology of injuries in male and female youth football players: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 11(6), 681–695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2022.06.003
Sanchez-Sanchez, J., Raya-González, J., Martín, V., & Rodríguez Fernández, A. (2025). Understanding injuries in young female soccer players: A narrative review on incidence, mechanism, location, risk factors, and preventive strategies. Applied Sciences, 15(3), 1612. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15031612
Santos, C., Lopes, M., Brito, J., Kryger, K. O., Wilke, C., & Travassos, B. (2025). Impact of the menstrual cycle and barriers to football and futsal performance in Portuguese players: A survey-based cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1576752. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1576752
Söderman, K., Alfredson, H., Pietilä, T., & Werner, S. (2001). Risk factors for leg injuries in female soccer players: A prospective investigation during one outdoor season. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 9(5), 313–321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001670100228
Von Elm, E., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., & Vandenbroucke, J. P. (2007). The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies. PLoS Medicine, 4 (10), Article e296. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040296
Von Porat, A., Roos, E. M., & Roos, H. (2004). High prevalence of knee osteoarthritis, pain, and functional limitations in female soccer players twelve years after anterior cruciate ligament injury. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 50(10), 3145–3152. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.20589
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2026 Leire Ronkal Uzqueda, Iyán Iván Baragaño
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Esta revista proporciona un acceso abierto inmediato a su contenido, basado en el principio de que ofrecer al público un acceso libre a las investigaciones ayuda a un mayor intercambio global de conocimiento.
Se aceptan además, trabajos de arbitraje abierto (pre-print), preferentemente desde Research Gate.
