Special exercises to improve the effectiveness of the free throw in the pioneer basketball of Santiago de Cuba

Abstract

In Cuba there has been a struggle to improve the effectiveness of zone, medium and long distance shots for basketball; leaving free throws and the attention that this technical element requires in the background. The research presented here is essentially descriptive. It shows a practical proposal for free throw training in the training stage. It is based on the study of the variables related to the game context in which the infraction that led to the free kick was committed. Its objective: to design adequate plans to adapt training to the characteristics of the competition. Through an observational study, all free throws made during nine matches of the provincial final phase of the women's children's category were analyzed. Other methods were also applied such as: Inductive-Deductive, Analysis-Synthesis (theoretical level); Observation and Measurement (empirical level). In addition, the Survey, statistical processing and percentage calculation (researchtechniques) were implemented. Based on the results, different practical proposals are established whose common denominator is a series of tasks in which the free kick must be trained with a specific physical load along with a certain psychological load. In relation to the factors that affect the effectiveness of the free throw in basketball athletes, it was found that those most affected in this element were: players with excessive nervousness, sensations of physical weakness, spectators and disturbing stimuli of an optical, acoustic or tactile nature.