Content Validation of the EIWEF (Integral Wellness Scale for Football Players): A Brief Multidimensional Monitoring Tool
Palabras clave:
fútbol, monitoreo del bienestar, cuestionario, validez de contenido, panel de expertos.Resumen
El monitoreo del bienestar del futbolista es un componente esencial de la gestión de la carga, la recuperación y el rendimiento. Sin embargo, muchos cuestionarios existentes son excesivamente largos o insuficientemente específicos para el fútbol. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la validez de contenido de la EIWEF (Escala Integral de Bienestar para Futbolistas), un cuestionario breve y multidimensional diseñado para el uso diario en contextos futbolísticos. Se realizó un estudio metodológico de validación de contenido mediante un panel estructurado de expertos. A partir de una revisión de la literatura sobre monitoreo, recuperación y rendimiento en fútbol, se generó un pool inicial de 40 ítems. Veintiocho expertos en rendimiento futbolístico, medicina deportiva, ciencias del deporte, fisioterapia y monitoreo de atletas evaluaron cada ítem en relevancia, claridad, especificidad futbolística y comprensibilidad mediante una escala ordinal de cuatro puntos. Se calcularon el Índice de Validez de Contenido por Ítem (I-CVI), el Índice de Validez de Contenido de la Escala (S-CVI/Ave) y el coeficiente kappa modificado (k*). El feedback cualitativo se analizó para refinar el instrumento. La versión final quedó reducida de 40 a 8 ítems que representan fatiga, calidad del sueño, dolor muscular, estrés, recuperación/disposición, frescura neuromuscular, estado psicológico-emocional y conducta alimentaria. El cuestionario mostró una excelente validez de contenido global (S-CVI/Ave = 0,91), con I-CVI globales entre 0,80 y 0,99 y valores de k* entre 0,785 y 1,000. Los ítems de dolor muscular (0,99) y frescura neuromuscular (0,96) obtuvieron el mayor acuerdo. Los expertos destacaron la validez ecológica, la viabilidad práctica y la reducción de la carga del deportista para el monitoreo longitudinal. Se concluye que la EIWEF es una herramienta breve y específica con evidencia preliminar de validez de contenido, pendiente de validación psicométrica completa.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Juan José del Ojo López, Marios Argyrides, Adrián Feria Madueño
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
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