Perspectives on Biomechanics and Pitching in Baseball for Clinical-Sports Professionals

Abstract

Baseball pitching, a complex movement, requires kinetic coordination between the pelvis, trunk, and extremities. Incorrect executions generate overloads in the joints of the upper limbs, increasing the risk of injuries and affecting athletic performance. The study proposed to analyze advances in biomechanics applied to baseball pitching, identifying key factors that optimize technique, improve performance, and prevent musculoskeletal injuries through a review of recent studies. Highlighting technology (motion sensors, 3D analysis) in biomechanical evaluation, demonstrating how synchronization between body segments (pelvis, trunk, extremities) is decisive for efficient energy transfer, reducing joint loads. In addition, the proximal-distal sequence (hip-torso-arm) is necessary for pitching velocity, minimizing mechanical stress. Methodology The study proposed a narrative review of scientific articles (2017–2024) in PubMed, Google Scholar and SciELO databases. Focusing on trunk-pelvis coordination, movement sequencing and the role of the lower extremities. As results were identified: Trunk-pelvis coordination improves efficiency in energy transfer, reducing spine and shoulder injuries, Sequencing of hip-torso-arm movements increasing ball speed, decreasing injury risk. Strength and stability in the lower extremities for greater initial power. It is concluded that optimal throwing biomechanics depends on synchronization between body segments with an orderly sequence of movements. Use of key technology to correct defective techniques with training focused on lower extremity strength and core stability to improve performance, prolonging sports life. It is suggested that the implementation of the findings in training programs to reduce injuries by optimizing mechanical efficiency in baseball pitchers.