Habilidades comunicativas: efeitos nas competências interpessoais e no clima escolar saudável na educação básica
Palavras-chave:
Habilidades Comunicativas, Competencias Comunicacionales, Clima Escolar Saludable, Educación Básica, Salud.Resumo
As competências comunicativas e o clima escolar saudável constituem dois pilares fundamentais para o desenvolvimento integral dos estudantes; o seu fortalecimento exige estratégias eficazes de intervenção que devem ser avaliadas de forma abrangente. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi demonstrar a efetividade de um programa de habilidades comunicativas para melhorar as competências na área da comunicação e o clima escolar saudável de estudantes-atletas do ensino básico em uma instituição educacional da província de Sechura, Piura, no ano de 2024. O estudo foi caracterizado como quase-experimental, com dois grupos independentes equivalentes (controle e experimental, n = 28 cada). Foi implementado um programa de competências comunicativas e analisados os seus impactos nas habilidades comunicativas e no clima escolar. Utilizaram-se técnicas validadas (escala Likert e ECE-Primária), bem como testes estatísticos não paramétricos. O tamanho representativo e suficiente da amostra foi determinado por meio do software G*Power. O grupo experimental apresentou melhorias significativas em todas as dimensões comunicativas: Expressão (M= 4.14; Z = −2.45; p= 0.014), Observação (M= 4.07; Z = −2.61; p= 0.009), Empatia (M= 4.10; Z= −2.74; p= 0.006) e Pragmática (M= 4.00; Z = −2.37; p= 0.018). O grupo controle não apresentou mudanças significativas (p> 0.05). Quanto ao clima escolar, o grupo experimental apresentou melhorias significativas em Convivência Escolar (M= 3.71; Z = −2.89; p= 0.004) e Justiça e Normas (M= 3.75; Z =−3.25; p= 0.001), entre outras dimensões. O teste de Mann–Whitney no pós-teste confirmou diferenças intergrupais significativas em todas as dimensões (p< 0.01), com valores de U variando entre 172.5 e 244.5. O programa de competências comunicativas teve um impacto positivo e relevante no desenvolvimento de habilidades interpessoais e na percepção de um ambiente escolar mais saudável.
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