Validación de contenido de la EIWEF (Escala Integral de Bienestar para Futbolistas): una herramienta breve de monitoreo multidimensional
Keywords:
football, wellness monitoring, questionnaire, content validity, expert panel.Abstract
Monitoring athlete wellness is essential for training-load management, recovery and performance in football. However, many existing questionnaires are excessively long or insufficiently specific to football. This study aimed to evaluate the content validity of the EIWEF (Integral Wellness Scale for Football Players), a brief multidimensional questionnaire designed for daily use in football settings. A methodological content-validation study was conducted using a structured expert panel. An initial pool of 40 items was generated from a literature review on athlete monitoring, recovery and football performance. Twenty-eight experts in football performance, sports medicine, sport sciences, physiotherapy and athlete monitoring independently rated each item for relevance, clarity, football specificity and comprehensibility using a 4-point ordinal scale. The Item Content Validity Index (I-CVI), Scale Content Validity Index (S-CVI/Ave) and modified kappa coefficient (k*) were calculated. Qualitative feedback was analysed to refine the instrument. The final version was reduced from 40 to 8 items representing fatigue, sleep quality, muscle soreness, stress, recovery/readiness, neuromuscular freshness, psychological-emotional state and eating behaviour. The questionnaire showed excellent overall content validity (S-CVI/Ave = 0.91), with Overall I-CVI values ranging from 0.80 to 0.99 and k* values from 0.785 to 1.000. Muscle soreness (0.99) and neuromuscular freshness (0.96) obtained the highest agreement. Experts emphasised ecological validity, practical feasibility and reduced athlete burden for longitudinal monitoring. It is concluded that the EIWEF is a brief, football-specific tool with preliminary evidence of content validity, pending full psychometric validation.
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