Validação de conteúdo da EIWEF (Escala Integral de Bem-Estar para Futebolistas): uma ferramenta breve de monitoramento multidimensional
Palavras-chave:
futebol, monitoramento do bem-estar, questionário, validade de conteúdo, painel de especialistas.Resumo
O monitoramento do bem-estar do futebolista é essencial para a gestão da carga, a recuperação e o rendimento. No entanto, muitos questionários existentes são excessivamente longos ou insuficientemente específicos para o futebol. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a validade de conteúdo da EIWEF (Escala Integral de Bem-Estar para Futebolistas), um questionário breve e multidimensional concebido para uso diário em contextos futebolísticos. Realizou-se um estudo metodológico de validação de conteúdo com um painel estruturado de especialistas. A partir de uma revisão da literatura sobre monitoramento, recuperação e rendimento no futebol, gerou-se um conjunto inicial de 40 itens. Vinte e oito especialistas em rendimento futebolístico, medicina desportiva, ciências do desporto, fisioterapia e monitoramento de atletas avaliaram cada item quanto à relevância, clareza, especificidade futebolística e compreensibilidade, utilizando uma escala ordinal de quatro pontos. Calcularam-se o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo por Item (I-CVI), o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo da Escala (S-CVI/Ave) e o coeficiente kappa modificado (k*). O feedback qualitativo foi analisado para refinar o instrumento. A versão final foi reduzida de 40 para 8 itens que representam fadiga, qualidade do sono, dor muscular, estresse, recuperação/prontidão, frescor neuromuscular, estado psicológico-emocional e comportamento alimentar. O questionário demonstrou excelente validade de conteúdo global (S-CVI/Ave = 0,91), com valores globais de I-CVI entre 0,80 e 0,99 e valores de k* entre 0,785 e 1,000. Os itens de dor muscular (0,99) e frescor neuromuscular (0,96) obtiveram o maior acordo. Os especialistas destacaram a validade ecológica, a viabilidade prática e a redução da sobrecarga do atleta para o monitoramento longitudinal. Conclui-se que a EIWEF é uma ferramenta breve e específica com evidência preliminar de validade de conteúdo, pendente de validação psicométrica completa.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Juan José del Ojo López, Marios Argyrides, Adrián Feria Madueño
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